Asian Journal of Case Reports in Surgery

Background: Rare congenital anomaly of the biliary system, gallbladder duplication has significant clinical and surgical implications, making accurate preoperative imaging and anatomical identification essential to prevent bile duct injury and incomplete cholecystectomy.

Aims: To describe the imaging findings and surgical confirmation of a rare true gallbladder duplication.

Presentation of Case: A 52-year-old woman presented with recurrent right upper quadrant pain suggestive of chronic biliary colic. Ultrasound revealed two adjacent cystic structures within the gallbladder fossa. MRI with MRCP demonstrated true gallbladder duplication with two separate cystic ducts, one draining into the common bile duct and the other into the right hepatic duct, consistent with a Harlaftis type II trabecular duplication. The diagnosis was confirmed intraoperatively and histologically.

Discussion: Gallbladder duplication is a rare congenital anomaly with important surgical implications. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is essential to avoid biliary injury and incomplete cholecystectomy. MRCP is the imaging modality of choice for precise evaluation of biliary anatomy.

Conclusion: Recognition of gallbladder duplication is crucial for safe surgical planning. This case highlights the importance of multimodal imaging and careful preoperative assessment in rare biliary anomalies.